Making Readable Tables

We have now retrieved various tables (frequencies, proportions, percentages, and the cumulative sum), and we can extract the information we need from them, but they are not very readable.

We can also combine these different options in R into a single table. We will do this for the variable THEME. To do this, we first create all the separate tables and give them clear names:

frequencies     <- table(songs$THEME, 
                         exclude = NULL)
proportions     <- prop.table(frequencies)
cum_proportions <- cumsum(proportions)
percentages     <- prop.table(frequencies)*100
cum_percentages <- cumsum(percentages)

Then we can combine these tables using the cbind() function. This ensures that each separate table fills one column in the combined table.

cbind(frequencies, 
      percentages, 
      cum_percentages, 
      proportions, 
      cum_proportions)

                     frequencies percentages cum_percentages proportions
Heartbreak                   145        14.5            14.5       0.145
Life_and_death               131        13.1            27.6       0.131
Love                         139        13.9            41.5       0.139
Party_songs                  162        16.2            57.7       0.162
People_and_places            145        14.5            72.2       0.145
Politics_and_protest         141        14.1            86.3       0.141
Sex                          131        13.1            99.4       0.131
<NA>                           6         0.6           100.0       0.006
                     cum_proportions
Heartbreak                     0.145
Life_and_death                 0.276
Love                           0.415
Party_songs                    0.577
People_and_places              0.722
Politics_and_protest           0.863
Sex                            0.994
<NA>                           1.000

Now we have everything clearly arranged side by side!